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英語語法——倒裝句

來源:網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源 文章作者:匿名 2009-07-11 16:33:40

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  英語語法 倒裝

  在英語中,主語和謂語的語序通常是主語在前,謂語在后。但有時由于語法或修辭的需要將謂語的部分或全部提到主語前面,這樣的語序叫做“倒裝“

  倒裝的種類:部分倒裝---- 助動詞\情態(tài)動詞+主語+謂語的實義動詞

  全部倒裝---- 謂語+主語

  一. 在特殊句型中:

  1.在疑問句中:

  eg: Is this your cell phone number? What do you prefer?

  2.在感嘆句中:

  eg: How happy they are! What fun it is!

  3.在虛擬條件句中:

  eg: If I were a bird, I could fly freely.=……

  Had I known it earlier, I wouldn’t have lent him the money.

  Long live peace! May our friendship be everlasting!

  4.直接引語的一部分或全部放在句首時;

  eg: “You should have been here earlier,” said the teacher.

  “You,” said his father, “do the housework.”

  二. 在以下結(jié)構(gòu)中用全部倒裝:

  1.在there be句型中;

  eg: There are thousands of people gathering on the square.

  There lived an old fisherman in the village.

  2.在“here, there, now, thus, then+動詞+主語”的句子中,(動詞為be, go, come等);

  eg: Now comes my turn. There goes the bell. Then came the order to leave.

  3.在“out\ in, up\ down, off\away”以及表示地點的介詞詞組位于句首時;

  eg: Away went the crowed one by one. In came a stranger in black.

  Down fell the leaves. On the floor were piles of old books.

  注意:若主語是人稱代詞,則用正常語序---- adv.+主語+謂語;

  eg: Out she went. Here we are.

  4.有時為了強調(diào)表語,構(gòu)成“表語+連系動詞+主語”結(jié)構(gòu);

  eg: Lucky is she who was chosen to be a leader.

  Gone are the days when women were looked down upon!

  在以下結(jié)構(gòu)中用部分倒裝:

  1.含有否定意義的adv或conj(not, seldom, little, hardly, never, rarely, nowhere, not until, not only, by no means等)位于句首時;

  eg: He cannot speak an English word.----Not an English word can he speak.

  I have never seen him before.----Never ……

  The mother didn’t leave the room until the baby fell asleep.----Not until the baby fell asleep did the mother leave the room.

  注意:not until引導(dǎo)的句子,主句倒裝,從句不用倒裝。 

  2.only位于句首,且修飾狀語時,主句倒裝;

  eg: Only in this way can you use the computer well.

  只有意識到這門課的重要,我們才能學(xué)好它。

  Only she can settle this problem.(T\F?)

  3.so用在句首,表示另一主語“也”時,用“So + be(have,助動詞或情態(tài)動詞)+主語”結(jié)構(gòu)(有時也用as替代);若表示另一主語“也不”時,用“Nor\Neither + be(have,助動詞或情態(tài)動詞)+主語”結(jié)構(gòu);

  eg: She has been to Heifei. So have we.

  It is cold today. So it is.(T\F?)

  She won’t accept that invitation. Neither\Nor will he.

  注意:(1)“So + 主語 + be(have,助動詞或情態(tài)動詞)”表示對前面所說的話加以肯定,譯為“的確如此”;

 。2)若前面所說的既有肯定又有否定,或前后的謂語動詞形式不一致,用“It is the same with + 主語”或“So it is with + 主語”;

  eg: He worked hard, but didn’t pass the exam. So it was with his sister.

  She is a teacher and she enjoys teaching. So it is with him.

  4.在”as (盡管)”引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中;(可以換成though)

  eg: Shortest though she is, she is the richest.(最高級前不用冠詞)

  Child as he is, he knows a lot.(單數(shù)名詞前不用a) 

  Fail as I did, I would try again.(動詞提前,助動詞留在原位)

  Hard as he tried, he couldn’t pass the exam.(副詞提前)

  5.在”so…that…”和”such…that…”句型中的so和such位于句首時,用”so\such + adj + 主語+謂語”;

  eg: So difficult was the exam that more than a half of the students failed.

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