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英語語法——句子的種類2

來源:網(wǎng)絡資源 文章作者:匿名 2009-07-14 14:25:25

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  13.3 強調(diào)句結(jié)構(gòu)

  常用的強調(diào)句結(jié)構(gòu)是it 引導的句子,結(jié)構(gòu)為It is(was)+ 被強調(diào)部分+ that (who) + 句子的其余部分。此結(jié)構(gòu)強調(diào)的成分限于主語,賓語和狀語。例如:

  It is from the sun that we get light and heat. 我們是從太陽那兒獲取光和熱。

  It was not until I had read your letter that I understood the true state of affairs. 知道讀了你的信,我才知道實際情形。

  典型例題

  1)It was last night ___ I see the comet.

  A. the time B. when  C. that  D. which

  答案C. 強調(diào)句的結(jié)構(gòu)是: It +be +強調(diào)部分 + that (who))+ 主謂句。 強調(diào)句的連詞只有兩個,that和who。當強調(diào)的部分是人,且為句子的主語時,才用 "who",其余用that。再如:原句:My father did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.

  強調(diào)主語: It was my father who did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.

  強調(diào)賓語: It was the experiment that my father did in the lab yesterday evening.

  強調(diào)時間: It was yesterday evening that my father did the experiment in the lab. (注意不用when)

  強調(diào)地點: It was in the lab that my father did the experiment yesterday evening.

  2)It is ten years ___ Miss Green returned to Canada.

  A. that B. when  C. since  D. as

  答案C. 考點是連詞用法。本題易誤選為A. that. 其實本句不是強調(diào)句。若是,去掉It be… that還應是一個完整的句子。而本句去掉 'It is…that',只剩下ten years Miss Green returned to Canada. 不成句。因此本句不是強調(diào)句。

  13.4 用助動詞進行強調(diào)

  句子的強調(diào)句還可以用助動詞do (did,does) 強調(diào)謂語。例如:

  She does like this horse. 她的確喜歡這匹馬。

  Please do take care of yourself. 千萬保重。

  13.5 反意疑問句

  1) 陳述部分的主語是I,疑問部分要用 aren't I。例如:

  I'm as tall as your sister, aren't I? 我跟你姐一樣高,對嗎?

  2) 陳述部分的謂語是wish,疑問部分要用may +主語。例如:

  I wish to have a word with you, may I? 我想與你說句話,行嗎?

  3) 陳述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含義的詞時,疑問部分用肯定含義。例如:Some plants never blown (開花), do they ? 有些植物從不開花,對嗎?

  4) 含有ought to 的反意疑問句,陳述部分是肯定的,疑問部分用shouldn't / oughtn't +主語。例如:

  He ought to know what to do, oughtn't he? / shouldn't he? 他應該知道該做什么,對嗎?

  5) 陳述部分有have to +v. (had to + v.),疑問部分常用don't +主語(didn't +主語)。例如:

  We have to get there at eight tomorrow, don't we? 我們要在明天早上八點到達那兒,是嗎?

  6) 陳述部分的謂語是used to 時,疑問部分用didn't +主語或 usedn't +主語。例如:

  He used to take pictures there, didn't he? / usedn't he? 他以前常在那兒拍照,是嗎?

  7) 陳述部分有had better + v. 疑問句部分用hadn't you? 例如:

  You'd better read it by yourself, hadn't you? 你最好自己去讀,好嗎?

  8) 陳述部分有would rather +v.,疑問部分多用 wouldn't +主語。例如:

  He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldn't he? 他寧可讀十遍也不愿意背誦,是嗎?

  9) 陳述部分有You'd like to +v. 疑問部分用wouldn't +主語。例如:

  You'd like to go with me, wouldn't you? 你想和我們一塊去,對嗎?

  10) 陳述部分有must 的疑問句,疑問部分根據(jù)實際情況而定。例如:

  He must be a doctor, isn't he? 他肯定是醫(yī)生,是嗎?

  You must have studied English for three years, haven't you? / didn't you? 你一定讀過三年英語,對嗎?

  He must have finished it yesterday, didn't he? 他肯定是在昨天完成任務的,是嗎?

  11) 感嘆句中,疑問部分用be +主語。例如:

  What colors, aren't they? 多漂亮的顏色,是嗎?

  12) 陳述部分由neither… nor, either… or 連接的并列主語時,疑問部分根據(jù)其實際邏輯意義而定。

  Neither you nor I am engineer, are we? 你不是工程師,我也不是,對嗎?

  13) 陳述部分主語是指示代詞或不定代詞everything, that, nothing, this, 疑問部分主語用it。例如:

  Everything is ready, isn't it? 一切就緒,是嗎?

  14) 陳述部分為主語從句或并列復合句,疑問部分有三種情況:

  a. 并列復合句疑問部分,謂語動詞根據(jù)鄰近從句的謂語而定。例如:

  Mr. Smith had been to Beijing for several times, he should have been in China now, shouldn't he?

  史密斯先生曾幾次去過北京,按理說他現(xiàn)在應該在中國,是嗎?

  b. 帶有定語從句,賓語從句的主從復合句,疑問部分謂語根據(jù)主句的謂語而定。例如:

  He said he wanted to visit Japan, didn't he? 他說他想去日本看看,他是那樣說的嗎?

  c. 陳述部分主句為第一人稱,謂語是think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine等引導的定語從句,疑問部分與賓語從句相對應構(gòu)成反意疑問句。例如:

  I don't think he is bright, is he? 我認為他并不聰明,是嗎?

  We believe she can do it better, can't she? 我們相信她能做得更好,她能嗎?

  15) 陳述部分主語是不定代詞everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等,疑問部分常用復數(shù)they,有時也用單數(shù)he。例如:

  Everyone knows the answer, don't they?。╠oes he?) 人人都知道答案,是這樣吧?

  Nobody knows about it, do they? (does he?) 沒人知道這件事,是吧?

  16) 帶情態(tài)動詞dare或need的反意疑問句,疑問部分常用 need (dare ) +主語。例如:

  We need not do it again, need we ? 我們不必重做一遍,是嗎?

  He dare not say so, dare he? 他不敢這樣說,是嗎?

  當dare, need 為實義動詞時,疑問部分用助動詞do + 主語。例如:

  She doesn't dare to go home alone, does she? 她不敢獨自回家,是嗎?

  17) 省去主語的祈使句的反意疑問句,疑問部分用will you。例如:

  Don't do that again, will you? 別再這樣做,好嗎?

  Go with me, will you / won't you ? 跟我走吧,好嗎?

  注意:Let's 開頭的祈使句,后用shall we?

  Let us 開頭的祈使句,后用will you? 例如:

  Let's go and listen to the music, shall we? 一起去聽音樂,好嗎?

  Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you ? 你讓我們在閱覽室等你,好嗎?

  18) 陳述部分是"there be"結(jié)構(gòu)的,疑問部分用there省略主語代詞。例如:

  There is something wrong with your watch, isn't there? 你的表有問題,對不對?

  There will not be any trouble, will there? 不會有麻煩吧,是嗎?

  19) 否定前綴不能視為否定詞,其反意疑問句仍用否定形式。例如:

  It is impossible, isn't it? 這不可能,是嗎?

  He is not unkind to his classmates, is he? 他不會對他同學使壞,是嗎?

  20) must在表"推測"時,根據(jù)其推測的情況來確定反意疑問句。例如:

  He must be there now, isn't he? 他現(xiàn)在肯定在那兒,是吧?

  It must be going to rain tomorrow, won't it? 明天肯定要下雨,是嗎?

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