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推薦:小學(xué)階段英語語法詳解與練習(xí)題大全

來源:網(wǎng)絡(luò) 文章作者:匿名 2009-08-11 09:53:44

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可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞“分家”
一、 可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞的區(qū)別
  普通名詞所表示的人或事物是可以按個數(shù)計算的,這類名詞叫可數(shù)名詞。可數(shù)名詞分為個體名詞(表示某類人或事物中的個體,如worker, farmer, desk, factory等)和集體名詞(表示作為一個整體來看的一群人或一些事物,如people, family 等)。如果普通名詞所表示的事物是不能按個數(shù)來計算的,這類名詞就叫不可數(shù)名詞。不可數(shù)名詞分為物質(zhì)名詞(表示無法分為個體的物質(zhì),如meat, rice, water, milk, orange 等)和抽象名詞(表示動作、狀態(tài)、情況、品質(zhì)等抽象概念,如work, homework, time, health, friendship等)。
二、 可數(shù)名詞的家務(wù)事
  可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式。指一個人或一件事物時,用單數(shù)形式;指兩個或多個人或事物時用復(fù)數(shù)形式。名詞由單數(shù)形式變成復(fù)數(shù)形式的規(guī)則如下:
  1. 一般的名詞詞尾直接加-s 。如:
  book → books room → rooms
  house → houses day → days
  2. 以s, ss, ch, sh, x 結(jié)尾的名詞,在詞尾加-es 。如:
  bus → buses glass → glasses
  watch → watches
  dish → dishes box → boxes
  3. 以"輔音字母+y"結(jié)尾的名詞,要先將y改為i再加-es。如:
  city → cities body → bodies
  factory → factories等等。
  4. 以f 或fe 結(jié)尾的名詞,要將f或fe改為v再加-es。如:
  half → halves leaf → leaves
  knife → knives wife → wives
  5. 特例 [悄悄話:特例常?迹涀。]
  ① child → children
 、 man → men woman → women
  policeman → policemen
  (規(guī)律:man → men)
 、 tomato → tomatoes       potato → potatoes
[悄悄話: 初中英語以o 結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時只有這兩個詞加-es,
其余的當(dāng)然加-s嘍!如:photo → photos ]
 、 foot → feet tooth → teeth    [悄悄話: oo變成ee。]
 、 sheep, Chinese, Japanese單、復(fù)數(shù)同形 [悄悄話: 變復(fù)數(shù)時詞形不變。]
 、 people單數(shù)形式表示復(fù)數(shù)意義,要求謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù); people的復(fù)數(shù)形式peoples通常指"多個民族"! 
三、 不可數(shù)名詞的家務(wù)事
  1. 不可數(shù)名詞沒有復(fù)數(shù),當(dāng)它作句子的主語時,謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。如:
  The food is very fresh. 食品很新鮮。
  2. 有的不可數(shù)名詞也可以作可數(shù)名詞,有復(fù)數(shù)形式,但他們的意義發(fā)生變化。如:
  water (水) → waters (水域)
  orange (橘汁) → oranges (橘子)
  3. 很多的不可數(shù)名詞表示泛指時為不可數(shù),表示種類時就可數(shù),但意義大多不發(fā)生變化。如:
  fruit → fruits food → foods
  fish → fishes hair → hairs
***  用所給名詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。
  1. How many________(sheep) are there on the hill?
  2. There is some________(food) in the basket.
  3. The baby has only two________(tooth) now.
  4. There is a lot of________(water) in the bottle.
  5. There are five________(people ) in his family.
  6. Let's take________(photo), OK?
  7. I have lots of________(tomato) here.
  8. The________(leaf) on the tree turn-yellow.
  9. The________(child) are playing games on the playground now.
  10. Their________(dictionary) look new.
  11. I see you have a few white________(hair).
  12. They are________(woman) doctors.
  13. Can you give me some bottles of ____ (orange), please?
  14. There are many________(fox) in the picture.
  15. I would like some apple________(juice). I am very thirsty.
  參考答案:
1. sheep 2. food 3. teeth 4. water 5. people 6. photos 7. tomatoes 8. leaves
9.children 10.dictionaries 11.hair,hairs 12.women 13.orange 14.foxes 15.juice
名詞可數(shù)不可數(shù)“六注意”

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